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Spode Plates
The foundation
The organization was founded by Josiah Spode, who earned well known within the ceramic company for perfecting the blue underglaze printing process in 1784 and for co-developing the formula for good bone china. He opened a factory in Stoke-on-Trent in 1767 and in 1776 developed the current Spode factory. His company in creamware (a fine cream-coloured earthenware) and in pearlware (a fine white-glazed earthenware) was extremely successful.
Underglaze blue transfers
Josiah Spode I is credited with the introduction of underglaze blue transfer printing into Staffordshire, in 1781-84. Worcester and Bow had commenced exchange printing in 1756, and Wedgwood launched a similar procedure to Staffordshire in blacks and reds employing Liverpool engravers. Liverpool pottery also created tiles by a variant exchange approach. William Adams of Cobridge followed with overglaze blue transfers. But it was via the engraver Thomas Lucas and printer James Richard with the Caughley factory, inside tradition there of Robert Hancock and Thomas Turner, who had created transfers absorbing the Chinese character of the painted styles of Worcester pottery, that Spode released the blue underglaze transfer to Staffordshire 'in a bid for supremacy in utilitarian ware.' Thomas Minton also created transfers for Spode.
This procedure involved the engraving of a design on a copper plate, which was then printed onto gummed tissue. The colour paste was worked into the cut areas from the copper plate and easily wiped from the uncut surfaces, and then printed by passing by way of rollers. These styles, including edge-patterns which had to become manipulated in sections,had been cut out making use of scissors and applied towards biscuit-fired ware (making use of a white fabric), itself prepared with a gum solution. The tissue was then floated off in water, leaving the glaze pattern adhering towards plate. This was then dipped inside overglaze and returned towards the kiln for the glost firing. Blue underglaze exchange became a standard function of Staffordshire pottery. Spode also applied on-glaze transfers for other wares. The well-known Spode blue-and-white dinner services with engraved sporting scenes and Italian views have been designed below Josiah Spode the younger, but continued to be reproduced into a lot later times.
Later forms on the business
Messrs Spode were succeeded within the same business in c. 1833 by Copeland and Garrett, who generally utilized the name Spode in their marks. In particular these are known as 'Late Spode' and contain productions from the so-called 'Felspar porcelain'. They also produced other kinds of bone china, earthenware, parian, etc. The partnership continued in this form until 1847. After 1847 the enterprise continued right up until 1970 as W.T. Copeland and sons, and again the term 'Spode' or 'Late Spode' ongoing in use alongside the name of Copeland. Under the name 'Spode Ltd' the identical factories and enterprise was continued soon after 1970.
In 2006, the business merged with Royal Worcester. The merged firm entered administration on 6 November 2008. On 23 April 2009 Portmeirion Pottery purchased the rival Royal Worcester and Spode brands, together with some from the stock, following their parent company had been placed into management the previous November. The buy doesn't contain Royal Worcester and Spode's production facilities.
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